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the male flower

  • 1 macho

    adj.
    1 male (biology).
    un hipopótamo macho a male hippopotamus
    3 brave, fearless.
    4 bold.
    5 blond, blonde.
    m.
    1 male (biology).
    macho cabrío billy goat; macho man, he-man (figurative) (hombre)
    2 (male) plug, jack plug ( electricity and electronics) (enchufe).
    3 macho, he-man, macho-man.
    4 buck, jackass, he mule, jack.
    5 cock, male bird.
    6 lover boy.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: machar.
    * * *
    1 (animal, planta) male
    2 (persona) macho, tough
    1 (animal, planta) male
    3 (mula) mule
    4 familiar (hombre) macho man, tough guy
    5 familiar (como apelativo) mate, pal, man
    ■ ¡qué tal, macho! hello, mate!
    \
    macho cabrío billy goat
    * * *
    1. noun m. 2. adj.
    1) male
    2) he
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) (Bio) male
    2) * (=viril) manly, brave
    3) (Mec) male
    4) And (=fantástico) splendid, terrific *
    2. SM
    1) (Bio) male

    macho cabrío — he-goat, billy-goat

    2) * (=hombretón) macho man *, he-man *
    3) * [uso apelativo] mate *, buddy (EEUU) *

    vale, macho, no te enfades — * all right, mate, no need to get mad *

    4) (=mulo) mule
    5) (Mec) male screw
    6) (Elec) male plug
    7) (Cos) hook
    8) (=mazo) sledgehammer
    9) (Arquit) buttress
    10)
    11) CAm (Mil) US marine
    12) Esp † ** five-peseta coin
    * * *
    I
    1) <animal/planta> male

    ballena/elefante macho — bull whale/elephant

    2) (fam) (valiente, fuerte) tough, brave; (pey) macho (pej)
    3) < pieza> male
    II
    - cha adjetivo (Col fam) great (colloq)
    III
    1)
    a) (Biol, Zool) male
    b) (fam) ( hijo) boy
    2) ( mula) mule

    atarse los machos — (Esp) to pluck up courage

    montarse en el macho — to dig one's heels in

    no bajarse del macho — to stick to one's guns

    3)
    a) (fam) ( hombre fuerte) tough guy (colloq); (pey) macho man (colloq & pej)
    b) ( como apelativo) (Esp fam)

    jo, macho qué calor hace! — boy o wow o gee o man, it's hot! (colloq)

    oye, macho deja algo para mí! — hey you, leave some for me! (colloq)

    4) (Mec, Tec) pin; (Elec) male (plug); ( de un corchete) hook; ( en carpintería) peg, pin
    * * *
    = stud, male.
    Ex. 'Slut'/'angel' and 'wuss'/' stud' dichotomies provide an oversimplified grid from which adolescents negotiate complex feelings towards their own sexuality.
    Ex. The decision has been made to use the term males instead of the term Men in the indexing of documents.
    ----
    * agarrarse los machos = batten down + the hatches.
    * apretarse los machos = gird (up) + Posesivo + loins.
    * cabra macho = billy-goat, he-goat.
    * cerdo macho = boar.
    * macho alfa = alpha male.
    * macho beta = beta male.
    * Nombre de Pájaro + macho = cock + Nombre de Pájaro.
    * * *
    I
    1) <animal/planta> male

    ballena/elefante macho — bull whale/elephant

    2) (fam) (valiente, fuerte) tough, brave; (pey) macho (pej)
    3) < pieza> male
    II
    - cha adjetivo (Col fam) great (colloq)
    III
    1)
    a) (Biol, Zool) male
    b) (fam) ( hijo) boy
    2) ( mula) mule

    atarse los machos — (Esp) to pluck up courage

    montarse en el macho — to dig one's heels in

    no bajarse del macho — to stick to one's guns

    3)
    a) (fam) ( hombre fuerte) tough guy (colloq); (pey) macho man (colloq & pej)
    b) ( como apelativo) (Esp fam)

    jo, macho qué calor hace! — boy o wow o gee o man, it's hot! (colloq)

    oye, macho deja algo para mí! — hey you, leave some for me! (colloq)

    4) (Mec, Tec) pin; (Elec) male (plug); ( de un corchete) hook; ( en carpintería) peg, pin
    * * *
    = stud, male.

    Ex: 'Slut'/'angel' and 'wuss'/' stud' dichotomies provide an oversimplified grid from which adolescents negotiate complex feelings towards their own sexuality.

    Ex: The decision has been made to use the term males instead of the term Men in the indexing of documents.
    * agarrarse los machos = batten down + the hatches.
    * apretarse los machos = gird (up) + Posesivo + loins.
    * cabra macho = billy-goat, he-goat.
    * cerdo macho = boar.
    * macho alfa = alpha male.
    * macho beta = beta male.
    * Nombre de Pájaro + macho = cock + Nombre de Pájaro.

    * * *
    A ‹animal/planta› male
    ballena/elefante macho bull whale/elephant
    liebre macho buck hare
    gato macho tomcat
    oso macho male bear
    B ( fam) (valiente, fuerte) tough, brave; ( pey) macho ( pej)
    fue muy machito y no lloró he was a very brave boy and didn't cry
    C ‹pieza› male
    ( Col fam) great ( colloq), fantastic ( colloq)
    A
    1 ( Biol, Zool) male
    2 ( fam) (hijo) boy
    Compuesto:
    billy goat
    B (mula) mule
    atarse los machos to pluck up courage
    montarse en el machoor machito to dig one's heels in
    no bajarse del machoor machito to stick to one's guns
    no se baja del machito he's sticking to his guns, he won't budge (an inch), he refuses to back down
    C
    1 ( fam) (hombre fuerte) tough guy ( colloq); ( pey) macho man ( colloq pej)
    ¡aguántese como los machos! take it like a man!
    Compuesto:
    archetypal Spanish macho man
    2
    (como apelativo) ( Esp fam): jo, macho, ¡qué calor hace! boy o wow o gee o man, it's hot! ( colloq)
    oye, macho, ¡deja algo para mí! hey you, leave some for me! ( colloq)
    D ( Mec, Tec) pin; ( Elec) male plug, male; (de un corchete) hook; (en carpintería) peg, pin
    * * *

    Del verbo machar: ( conjugate machar)

    macho es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    machó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    macho sustantivo masculino
    1 (Biol, Zool) male;

    2 (fam) ( hombre fuerte) tough guy (colloq);
    (pey) macho man (colloq & pej)
    3 (Mec, Tec) pin;
    (Elec) male (plug);
    ( de un corchete) hook;
    ( en carpintería) peg, pin
    ■ adjetivo
    1 ‹animal/planta› male;
    ◊ ballena/elefante macho bull whale/elephant;

    gato macho tomcat
    2 (fam) (valiente, fuerte) tough, brave;
    (pey) macho (pej)
    3 ‹ pieza› male
    macho
    I adjetivo
    1 (ser vivo) male
    2 fam (viril) macho, manly, virile: se cree muy macho porque pega a sus hermanos, he thinks he's a real man because he hits his brothers and sisters
    II sustantivo masculino
    1 (ser vivo) male ➣ Ver nota en male 2 fam (hombre) macho, tough guy: oye, macho, a ver cuándo me invitas, hey man, when are you going to buy me a drink?
    3 Téc (pieza encajable) male piece o part
    (de un enchufe) plug
    ' macho' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    cachorra
    - cachorro
    - cerdo
    - cierva
    - ciervo
    - cordera
    - cordero
    - enchufe
    - gansa
    - ganso
    - puerca
    - puerco
    - ruborizar
    - chivo
    - gallo
    - machote
    English:
    billy goat
    - buck
    - bull
    - cock
    - dog
    - goat
    - male
    - male-dominated
    - plug
    - sport
    - tomcat
    - billy
    - boar
    - drake
    - gander
    - hook
    - macho
    - mate
    - plantain
    - tom
    * * *
    macho, -a
    ♦ adj
    1. [del sexo masculino] male;
    un hipopótamo macho a male hippopotamus
    2. Fam [hombre] macho;
    es muy macho he's a real man
    3. RP, Ven Fam [valiente] brave
    4. RP, Ven Fam [fuerte, resistente] industrial-strength;
    un galpón macho an industrial-strength shed
    5. RP, Ven Fam [importante, de peso] major, serious;
    un problema macho a major o serious problem
    ♦ nm
    1. [animal, planta] male
    macho cabrío billy goat
    2. [mulo] (male) mule
    3. Fam [hombre] macho man, he-man
    4. [enchufe] male plug, jack plug;
    [pata de enchufe] pin
    5. Comp
    Fam
    atarse o [m5] apretarse los machos to brace oneself
    ♦ interj
    Esp Fam
    ¡oye, macho! Br hey, mate, US hey, buddy!;
    ¡mira, macho, cómo llueve! Jesus, look at that rain!;
    ¡macho, a ver si te callas! just shut up will you Br mate o US buddy?
    * * *
    I adj
    1 (de sexo masculino) male
    2 ( varonil) tough
    macho
    II m
    1 animal male
    2 apelativo fam
    man fam, Br
    mate fam
    3 L.Am. ( plátano) banana
    * * *
    macho adj
    1) : male
    2) : macho, virile, tough
    macho nm
    1) : male
    2) : he-man
    * * *
    macho adj n
    2. (machote) macho

    Spanish-English dictionary > macho

  • 2 κύτταρος

    κύτταρος ??? Ik begrijp het niet
    Grammatical information: m.
    Meaning: `cell of a honey-comb, hollow in the flower-bottom of the searose (Nelumbium speciosum), the chalice, in which the acorn sits, the male flower of the pine' (Ar., Arist., Thphr.).
    Other forms: Besides κύσσαρος `ānus' (s. on κυσός).
    Derivatives: Diminut. κυττάριον `bee-cell' (Arist.).
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]
    Etymology: Uncertain. If κύσσαρος is the really Ionic form of κύτταρος and not a transformation of (or after) κυσός [for which I see no reason], we come at a quite unsatisfactory basis *κυτϜαρος, which is together with κύτος, κυσός, κύσθος, κύστις thrown in one pot. The meanings of the two forms are also ununderstandable. An original *κυκ-ι̯αρος would not help farther. - Prob. a Pre-Greek word.
    Page in Frisk: 2,57

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κύτταρος

  • 3 כופרא III

    כּוּפְרָאIII m. ( כפר) the inflorescence of palms, a spike covered with numerous flowers, and enveloped by one or more sheathing bracts called spathes (v. Cyclop. Brit. s. v. Palm, a. Löw Pfl. p. 118); the date-berry in its early stage. Pes.56a מנחי כ׳ דיכראוכ׳ (for fertilization) they put the male flower (scatter the pollen) over the female tree. B. Kam.59b האי מאן דקץ כ׳וכ׳ if one cuts a date flower what damages has he to pay?Succ.32a ואימא כ׳ perhaps (Lev. 23:40) the spike is meant?Ber.36b בכ׳ in the early stage of the berry.Pl. כּוּפְרֵי. Pes.52b (Ms. M. sing.), v. כָּפְנִי.Keth.10a אסבוהו כ׳, v. סְבָא. Y.Shebi.II, 34a bot. כופריא, v. next w.

    Jewish literature > כופרא III

  • 4 כּוּפְרָא

    כּוּפְרָאIII m. ( כפר) the inflorescence of palms, a spike covered with numerous flowers, and enveloped by one or more sheathing bracts called spathes (v. Cyclop. Brit. s. v. Palm, a. Löw Pfl. p. 118); the date-berry in its early stage. Pes.56a מנחי כ׳ דיכראוכ׳ (for fertilization) they put the male flower (scatter the pollen) over the female tree. B. Kam.59b האי מאן דקץ כ׳וכ׳ if one cuts a date flower what damages has he to pay?Succ.32a ואימא כ׳ perhaps (Lev. 23:40) the spike is meant?Ber.36b בכ׳ in the early stage of the berry.Pl. כּוּפְרֵי. Pes.52b (Ms. M. sing.), v. כָּפְנִי.Keth.10a אסבוהו כ׳, v. סְבָא. Y.Shebi.II, 34a bot. כופריא, v. next w.

    Jewish literature > כּוּפְרָא

  • 5 männlich

    Adj. male (auch BIO., BOT.); Wesen, Auftreten etc., auch Frau und LING.: masculine; (mannhaft) manly; männliche Entsprechung male equivalent
    * * *
    manly; male; masculine; virile
    * * *
    mạ̈nn|lich ['mɛnlɪç]
    1. adj
    1) male; Reim, Wort masculine
    2) (fig = mannhaft) Stärke, Mut, Entschluss, Wesen manly; Stimme masculine, manly; Auftreten masculine; Frau masculine, mannish
    2. adv
    * * *
    1) ((a person, animal etc) of the sex having testes or an organ or organs performing a similar function; not (of) the sex which carries the young until birth etc: the male of the species; the male rabbit.) male
    2) ((a plant) having flowers with stamens which can fertilize female flowers.) male
    3) (having the qualities thought desirable in a man, ie strength, determination, courage etc: He is strong and manly.) manly
    4) (of the male sex: masculine qualities.) masculine
    5) (in certain languages, of one of usually two or three genders of nouns etc: Is the French word for `door' masculine or feminine?) masculine
    * * *
    männ·lich
    [ˈmɛnlɪç]
    1. (des Mannes) male
    die \männlichen Drüsen the glands of the male
    ein \männlicher Vorname a man's/boy's name
    2. (für den Mann typisch) male
    ein \männlicher Duft/eine \männliche Erscheinung a masculine scent/appearance
    3. (mannhaft) manly
    4. (maskulin) masculine
    eine \männliche Frau a masculine [or pej mannish] woman
    5. LING, LIT masculine
    6. BOT, ZOOL male
    das \männliche Tier the male [animal]
    \männliche Pflanzen male [or spec staminate] plants
    * * *
    1.
    1) male <sex, line, descendant, flower, etc.>

    männlicher Vorname — boy's or man's name

    2) (für den Mann typisch) masculine <behaviour, characteristic, etc.>; male < vanity>
    3) (Sprachw.) masculine
    2.
    adverbial in a masculine way
    * * *
    männlich adj male ( auch BIOL, BOT); Wesen, Auftreten etc, auch Frau und LING masculine; (mannhaft) manly;
    männliche Entsprechung male equivalent
    * * *
    1.
    1) male <sex, line, descendant, flower, etc.>

    männlicher Vorname — boy's or man's name

    2) (für den Mann typisch) masculine <behaviour, characteristic, etc.>; male < vanity>
    3) (Sprachw.) masculine
    2.
    adverbial in a masculine way
    * * *
    adj.
    male adj.
    manly adj.
    masculine adj.
    unfeminine adj.
    virile adj. adv.
    masculinely adv.
    with virility adv.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > männlich

  • 6 flos

    flōs, ōris, m. [root fla-; Gr. ek-phlainô, to stream forth; cf. phlasmos; Lat. flare, flamen, etc., v. flo], a blossom, flower.
    I.
    Lit.:

    suaves flores,

    Lucr. 1, 8:

    juvat novos decerpere flores,

    id. 1, 928:

    novi,

    Hor. C. 4, 1, 32:

    recentes,

    id. ib. 3, 27, 44:

    verni,

    id. ib. 2, 11, 9:

    florum omnium varietas,

    Cic. de Sen. 15, 54:

    suavitas odorum, qui afflarentur e floribus,

    id. ib. 17, 59:

    laetissimi flores,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107:

    ninguntque rosarum Floribus,

    Lucr. 2, 628:

    flores rosae, rosarum,

    Hor. C. 2, 3, 14; 3, 29, 3; 4, 10, 4:

    piabunt floribus et vino Genium,

    id. Ep. 2, 1, 144; cf.:

    fons Bandusiae, dulci digne mero non sine floribus,

    id. C. 3, 13, 2:

    nitidum caput impedire myrto Aut flore,

    id. ib. 1, 4, 10:

    recte necne crocum floresque perambulet Attae Fabula, si dubitem, etc.,

    the stage strewed with flowers, id. Ep. 2, 1, 79:

    carduus florem purpureum mittit inter medios aculeos,

    puts forth, Plin. 20, 23, 99, § 262; cf. id. 21, 6, 17, § 31:

    legere,

    Ov. M. 4, 315.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    The honey of flowers sucked out by the bees:

    rure levis verno flores apis ingerit alveo, Conpleat ut dulci sedula melle favos,

    Tib. 2, 1, 49; Verg. G. 4, 39; Plin. 11, 7, 7, § 17.—
    2.
    In gen., like the Gr. anthos, for whatever forms either the best part or the highest part of a thing (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose).—
    a.
    The flower of any thing, i. e. the prime or best part, also the best kind of any thing: postquam est honoratus frugum et floris Liberi, the bouquet or flavor of wine, Pac. ap. Non. 498, 12; so,

    vini (Bacchi),

    Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 1; id. Cas. 3, 5, 16; Lucr. 3, 221.— The best kind of oil, Plin. 15, 6, 6, § 23; of wax, id. 21, 14, 49, § 84; of rosin, id. 14, 20, 25, § 124; of salt, id. 13, 1, 2, § 14; Cato, R. R. 88, 2; of meal, Plin. 18, 9, 20, § 86 et saep.; of cream, Vitr. 8, 3; of the finest dish: cenae, Favorin. ap. Gell. 15, 8, 2.—
    b.
    The highest part, the top, crown, head of a thing.—Of the froth of wine, Cato, R. R. 11, 2; Col. 12, 30; Plin. 14, 21, 27, § 136.—The blisters, scales that are formed in smelting metals, id. 34, 11, 24, § 107; the upper dust of marble or gypsum, Col. 12, 20, 8.— Poet. of the first downy hairs of the beard: nunc primum opacat flore lanugo genas, Pac. ap. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. genas, p. 94 Müll. N. cr.; Verg. A. 8, 160; Luc. 6, 562:

    ante genas dulces quam flos juvenilis inumbret,

    Claud. in Prob. Cons. Pan. 69.—Donec flammai fulserunt flore coorto, a tip or flash of flame, Lucr. 1, 900.—
    3. II.
    Trop., the flower, crown, ornament of any thing (class.; a favorite flg. of Cic.).
    A.
    In gen.:

    ea tempestate flos poëtarum fuit (Plautus),

    Plaut. Cas. prol. 18:

    sic omnis fetus repressus, exustusque siti flos veteris ubertatis exaruit,

    Cic. Brut. 4, 16:

    (Ennius) flos delibatus populi... qua (eloquentia) virum excellentem praeclare tum illi homines florem populi esse dixerunt,

    id. ib. 15, 58 sq. (cf. Enn. Ann. v. 309 ed. Vahl.):

    flos nobilitatis ac juventutis,

    id. Phil. 2, 15, 37; so, legatorum, id. Fl. 26, 61:

    versaris in optimorum civium vel flore vel robore,

    id. Or. 10, 34; cf.:

    quod floris, quod roboris in juventute fuerat, amiserant,

    Liv. 37, 12, 7:

    ex morbo velut renovatus flos juventae,

    id. 28, 35, 7; 26, 2, 6; Curt. 3, 5, 8:

    provincia Galliae... ille flos Italiae, illud firmamentum imperii populi Romani, illud ornamentum dignitatis,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13:

    flos dignitatis,

    id. Balb. 6, 15; cf.:

    ego te, Crasse, cum vitae flore, tum mortis opportunitate, divino consilio et ortum et exstinctum esse arbitror,

    splendor, glory, id. de Or. 3, 3, 12:

    in ipso Graeciae flore,

    in the very flower, the most flourishing condition, id. N. D. 3, 33, 82:

    flos aetatis,

    the flower of one's age, the prime of life, Lucr. 3, 770; 5, 847; cf.:

    non venirem contra gratiam, non virtutis spe, sed aetatis flore collectam,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.— Without aetas: Pa. Anni? Ch. Anni? Sedecim. Pa. Flos ipse, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 28:

    viridissimo flore puella,

    Cat. 17, 14:

    in flore primo tantae indolis juvenis exstinctus est,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 9, 5:

    in flore virium se credens esse,

    Liv. 42, 15, 2:

    primus flos animi,

    youthful vigor, Stat. Ach. 1, 625;

    but also: flos animi,

    ripe age, Sen. Ep. 26:

    videmus Vergilium ea de causa hortorum dotes fugisse, et e tantis, quae retulit, flores modo rerum decerpsisse,

    i. e. the choicest, best, Plin. H. N. 14 praef. § 7.—
    2.
    Transf.: flos aetatis, maidenly or youthful innocence (of girls or boys), virginity:

    (virgo) cum castum amisit polluto corpore florem,

    Cat. 62, 46:

    Hasdrubal flore aetatis, uti ferunt, primo Hamilcari conciliatus,

    Liv. 21, 2, 3; cf. id. 21, 3, 4:

    florem aetatis (Caesaris) in Bithynia contaminatum,

    Suet. Caes. 49.—
    B.
    In partic., of speech, a flower, embellishment, ornament:

    ut porro conspersa sit (oratio) quasi verborum sententiarumque floribus, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 96:

    flos aut lumen eloquentiae,

    id. Brut. 17, 66; cf.:

    nullus flos tamen neque lumen ullum (in M. Crassi oratione),

    id. ib. 66, 233:

    florem et colorem defuisse,

    id. ib. 87, 298:

    alia copia locuples, alia floribus laeta,

    Quint. 8, 3, 87:

    male audire... nimiis floribus et ingenii affluentia,

    id. 12, 10, 13.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > flos

  • 7 maschio

    (pl -chi) 1. adj male
    hanno tre figli maschi they have three sons or boys
    2. m ( ragazzo) boy
    ( uomo) man
    zoology male
    * * *
    maschio1 agg.
    1 male: cugino maschio, male cousin; erede maschio, male heir; figli maschi, male children
    2 (virile) manly, masculine, virile: un aspetto maschio, a manly appearence; cuore maschio, brave heart; qualità maschie, manly qualities; modi maschi, masculine ways; stile maschio, powerful style; voce maschia, manly voice
    3 (bot.) male: un fiore maschio, a male (o staminate) flower; felce maschia, male fern
    4 (zool.) male: scimmia maschio, male monkey; elefante maschio, male (o bull) elephant; lepre maschio, male (o jack o buck) hare; volpe maschio, male (o dog) fox; passero maschio, male (o cock) sparrow
    ◆ s.m.
    1 male; (ragazzo) boy; (uomo) man; (figlio) son: che bel bambino, è un maschio o una femmina?, what a beautiful baby, is it a boy or a girl?; aspetta un maschio, she's expecting a boy; ho due maschi in casa, I have two sons; questo cane ha quattro cuccioli, tutti maschi, this dog has four puppies, all male
    2 (mecc.) male; (per filettare) (screw) tap: maschio della vite, male screw; secondo maschio, plug tap
    3 (mar.) tenon: maschio d'albero, mast tenon; maschio del timone, rudder-head.
    maschio2 s.m. (torre di una fortezza) donjon, keep.
    * * *
    ['maskjo] maschio -chia, -chi, -chie
    1. agg
    (figlio) male, (comportamento, atteggiamento) male, masculine, (volto, voce) masculine
    2. agg inv
    (animale) male
    3. sm
    (gen) Tecn, Bio, Zool male, (uomo) man, (ragazzo) boy, (figlio) son
    * * *
    I 1.
    pl. - schi, - schie ['maskjo, ski, skje] aggettivo
    1) zool.

    cane maschio — male dog, he-dog

    antilope, coniglio maschio — buck antelope, buck rabbit

    2) el. [spina, presa] male
    3) (virile) [ voce] manly, virile
    2.
    sostantivo maschile
    1) zool. male, mate; (di capra, coniglio, lepre) buck; (di balena, elefante) bull; (di uccello) cock; (di volpe, lupo) dog
    2) (bambino, ragazzo) boy
    3) tecn. (screw) tap
    II
    pl. - schi ['maskjo, ski] sostantivo maschile arch. keep
    * * *
    maschio1
    pl. - schi, - schie /'maskjo, ski, skje/
     1 zool. cane maschio male dog, he-dog; antilope, coniglio maschio buck antelope, buck rabbit; balena maschio bull whale; falco maschio cock hawk
     2 el. [spina, presa] male
     3 (virile) [ voce] manly, virile
     1 zool. male, mate; (di capra, coniglio, lepre) buck; (di balena, elefante) bull; (di uccello) cock; (di volpe, lupo) dog
     2 (bambino, ragazzo) boy; - schi e femmine boys and girls; ho avuto un maschio I've had a baby boy
     3 tecn. (screw) tap.
    ————————
    maschio2
    pl. - schi /'maskjo, ski/
    sostantivo m.
    arch. keep.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > maschio

  • 8 stamen

    سَدَاة \ stamen: the male part of a flower, whose dust (called pollen) makes the seed grow. \ عُضْو التَّذْكير في النَّبات \ stamen: the male part of a flower, whose dust (called pollen) makes the seed grow.

    Arabic-English glossary > stamen

  • 9 Zierde

    f; -, -n
    1. (Verzierung) ornament, decoration; (Schmuckstück) adornment; Gebäude etc.: showpiece; nur zur Zierde just for decoration
    2. fig. (Tugend) good thing; Person: fine example, pride and joy; jemandem zur Zierde gereichen geh. be a credit to s.o.; er ist eine Zierde des Orchesters he does the orchestra credit, the orchestra can be proud of him
    * * *
    die Zierde
    ornament
    * * *
    Zier|de ['tsiːɐdə]
    f -, -n
    ornament, decoration; (= Schmuckstück) adornment; (fig = Tugend) virtue

    zur Zíérde — for decoration

    das alte Haus ist eine Zíérde der Stadt — the old house is one of the beauties of the town

    eine Eins im Betragen war die einzige Zíérde seines Zeugnisses — a one for behaviour (Brit) or behavior (US) was the only bright spot on his report

    eine Zíérde des männlichen Geschlechts — a fine specimen of the male sex

    eine Zíérde des weiblichen Geschlechts — a flower of the female sex

    die Zíérde der Familie (fig) — a credit to the family

    * * *
    Zier·de
    <-, -n>
    [ˈtsi:ɐ̯də]
    f (schmückender Gegenstand) ornament, decoration
    zur \Zierde for decoration
    ▶ eine \Zierde des männlichen/weiblichen Geschlechts a fine specimen of the male/female sex
    * * *
    die; Zierde, Zierden (auch fig.) ornament; embellishment

    jemandem zur Zierde gereichen — (fig.) be a credit to somebody

    * * *
    Zierde f; -, -n
    1. (Verzierung) ornament, decoration; (Schmuckstück) adornment; Gebäude etc: showpiece;
    nur zur Zierde just for decoration
    2. fig (Tugend) good thing; Person: fine example, pride and joy;
    jemandem zur Zierde gereichen geh be a credit to sb;
    er ist eine Zierde des Orchesters he does the orchestra credit, the orchestra can be proud of him
    * * *
    die; Zierde, Zierden (auch fig.) ornament; embellishment

    jemandem zur Zierde gereichen — (fig.) be a credit to somebody

    * * *
    -n f.
    decoration n.
    ornamentation n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Zierde

  • 10 أعضاء سفارة

    أَعْضَاء سفارَة \ embassy: a group of officials who act for their government in a foreign country. \ عُضْو التَّذكير \ penis: the male sexual organ. \ عُضْو التَّذْكير في النَّبات \ stamen: the male part of a flower, whose dust (called pollen) makes the seed grow. \ عُضْو في الحِزْب الجمهوري \ republican: (with R-) a member of one of the two political parties in the USA. \ عُضْو في حزب المحافظين البريطانيّ \ conservative: (a person) belonging to the British political party that wishes to preserve the country from too much government control of industry. \ عُضْو في مَجْلِس تشريعي \ senator: a member of a senate. \ عُضْو في مجلس اللوردات \ peer: (in Britain) a member of the House of Lords. \ عُضْو مَجْلِس \ councillor: a member of the council. \ عُضْو من أعضاء الجِسْم \ member: a part of the body, such as an arm, leg, etc..

    Arabic-English dictionary > أعضاء سفارة

  • 11 कामः _kāmḥ

    कामः [कम्-घञ्]
    1 Wish, desire; संतानकामाय R.2.65, 3.67; oft. used with the inf. form; गन्तुकामः desirous to go; संगात्संजायते कामः Bg.2.62; Ms.2.94.
    -2 Object of desire; सर्वान् कामान् समश्नुते Ms.2.5; Bṛi. Up.1.3.28. Kaṭh. Up.1.25.
    -3 Affection, love.
    -4 Love or desire of sensual enjoyments, considered as one of the ends of life (पुरुषार्थ); cf. अर्थ and अर्थकाम.
    -5 Desire of carnal gratification, lust; Ms.2.214; न मय्यावेशितधियां कामः कामाय कल्पते Bhāg.1.22.26.
    -6 The god of love.
    -7 N. of Pradyumna.
    -8 N. of Balarāma.
    -9 A kind of mango tree.
    -1 The Supreme Being.
    -मा Desire, wish; उवाच च महासर्पं कामया ब्रूहि पन्नग Mb.3.179.2.
    -मम् 1 Object of desire.
    -2 Semen virile. [Kāma is the Cupid of the Hindu mythology- the son of Kṛiṣṇa and Rukmiṇī. His wife is Rati. When the gods wanted a commander for their forces in their war with Tāraka, they sought the aid of Kāma in drawing the mind of Śiva towards Pārvatī, whose issue alone could vanquish the demon. Kāma undertook the mission; but Śiva, being offended at the disturbance of his penance, burnt him down with the fire of his third eye. Subsequently he was allowed by Śiva to be born again in the form of Pradyumna at the request of Rati. His intimate friend is Vasanta or the spring; and his son is Aniruddha. He is armed with a bow and arrows--the bow-string being a line of bees, and arrows of flowers of five different plants].
    -Comp. -अग्निः 1 a fire of love, violent or ardent love.
    -2 violent desire, fire of passion. ˚संदीपनम्
    1 inflaming fire of love.
    -2 an aphrodisiac.
    -अङ्कुशः 1 a finger- nail (which plays an important part in erotic acts).
    -2 the male organ of generation.
    -अङ्गः the mango tree.
    -अधिकारः the influence of love or desire.
    -अधिष्ठित a. overcome by love.
    -अनलः see कामाग्नि.
    -अन्ध a. blinded by love or passion. (
    -न्धः) the (Indian) cuckoo.
    -अन्धा musk.
    -अन्निन् a. getting food at will.
    -अभिकाम a. libidinous, lustful.
    -अरण्यम् a pleasant grove.
    -अरिः 1 an epithet of Śiva; ते समेत्य तु कामारिं त्रिपुरारिं त्रिलोचनम् Rām.7.6.3.
    -2 a mineral subs- tance.
    -अर्थिन् a. amorous, lustful, lascivious.
    -अवतारः N. of Pradyumna.
    -अवशा(सा)यिता f.
    1 Self-control.
    -2 a kind of Yogic power.
    -अवसायः suppression of passion or desire, stoicism.
    -अशनम् 1 eating at will.
    -2 unrestrained enjoyment.
    -आख्या, -अक्षी N. of Durgā.
    -आतुर a. love-sick, affected by love; कामातुराणां न भयं न लज्जा Subhāṣ.
    -आत्मजः an epithet of Aniruddha, son of Pradyumna.
    -आत्मन् a. lustful, libidinous, en- amoured. कामात्मानः स्वर्गफलाः Bg.2.43. Mb.1.119.3-4. Ms.7.27.
    -आयुधम् 1 arrow of the god of love.
    -2 membrum virile. (
    -धः) the mango-tree.
    -आयुस् m.
    1 a vulture.
    -2 Garuḍa.
    -आर्त a. love-stricken, affected by love; कामार्ता हि प्रकृतिकृपणाश्चेतनाचेतनेषु Me.5.
    -आश्रमः the hermitage of the god of love; Rām.1.
    -आसक्त a. overcome with love or desire, impassioned, lustful.
    -इष्टः the mango tree.
    -ईप्सु a. striving to obtain a desired object, यत्तु कामेप्सुना कर्म Bg.18.24.
    -ईशः, -ईश्वरः 1 an epithet of Kubera;
    -2 the Supreme soul.
    -3 a person possessing all wealth. अपास्य कामा- न्कामेशो वसेत्तत्राविचारयन् Mb.12.287.56.
    -उदकम् 1 voluntary libation of water.
    -2 a voluntary libation of water to deceased friends exclusive of those who are entitled to it by law; कामोदकं सखिप्रत्तास्वस्रीयश्वशुर- र्त्विजाम् Y.3.4.
    - उपहत a. affected by or overcome with passion.
    -कला N. of Rati, the wife of Kāma.
    -काम, -कामिन् a. following the dictates of love or passion, गतागतं कामकामा लभन्ते Bg.9.21; स शान्तिमाप्नोति न कामकामी Bg.2.7.
    -कार a. acting at will, indulging one's desires.
    (-रः) 1 voluntary action, spontaneous deed; Rām.2.11.18; Ms.11.41,45.
    -2 desire, influ- ence of desire; अयुक्तः कामकारेण फले सक्तो निबध्यते Bg.5. 12.
    -कूटः 1 the paramour of a harlot.
    -2 harlotry.
    -कृत् a.
    1 acting at will, acting as one likes.
    -2 granting or fulfilling a desire. (-m.) the Supreme soul.
    -केलि a. lustful.
    (-लिः) 1 a paramour.
    -2 amorous sport.
    -3 copulation.
    -क्रीडा 1 dalliance of love, amorous sport.
    -2 copulation.
    -ग a. going of one's own accord, able to act or move as one likes.
    (-गा) 1 an unchaste or libidinous woman; Y.3.6.
    -2 a female Kokila.
    -गति a. able to go to any desired place; अध्यास्त कामगति सावरजो विमानम् R.13.76.
    -गुणः 1 the quality of passion, affection.
    -2 satiety, perfect enjoyment.
    -3 an object of sense.
    -चर, -चार a. moving freely or unrestrained, wandering at will; सर्वेषु लोकेष्वकामचारो भवति Bṛi. Up.7.25.2; नारदः कामचरः Ku.1.5.
    -चार a. unchecked, unrestrained.
    (-रः) 1 unrestrained motion.
    -2 independent or wilful action, wantonness; न कामचारो मयि शङ्कनीयः R.14.62.
    -3 one's will or pleasure, free will; अव्यपवृक्ते कामचारः Mbh. on Śiva Sūtra 3.4. कामचारानुज्ञा Sk.; Ms.2.22.
    -4 sensuality.
    -5 selfishness.
    -चारिन् a.
    1 moving unrestrained; Me.65.
    -2 libidinous, lustful.
    -3 self-willed. (-m.)
    1 Garuḍa.
    -2 a sparrow.
    -ज a. produced by passion or desire; Ms.7.46,47,5.
    -जः anger; रथो वेदी कामजो युद्धमग्निः Mb.12.24.27.
    -जननी betel-pepper (नागवेली).
    -जानः, -निः See कामतालः.
    -जित् a. conquering love or passion; R.9.33. (-m.)
    1 an epithet of Skanda.
    -2 of Śiva.
    -तन्त्रम् N. of a work.
    -तालः the (Indian) cuckoo.
    -द a. fulfilling a desire, granting a request or desire. (
    -दः) an epithet of Skanda and of Śiva.
    -दहनम् a particular festival on the day of full moon in the month फाल्गुन (Mar. होलिकोत्सव).
    -दा = कामधेनु q. v.
    -दर्शन a. looking lovely.
    -दानम् 1 a gift to one's satisfaction.
    -2 a kind of ceremony among prosti- tutes; B. P.
    -दुघ a. 'milking one's desires', granting every desired object; प्रीता कामदुघा हि सा R.1.81,2.63; Māl.3.11.
    -दुघा, -दुह् f. a fabulous cow yielding all desires; आयुधानामहं वज्रं धेनूनामस्मि कामधुक् Bg.1.28. स्वर्गे लोके कामधुग्भवति Mbh. on P.VI.1.84.
    -दूती the female cuckoo.
    -दृश् f. a woman; विमोचितुं कामदृशां विहारक्रीडामृगो यन्निगडो विसर्गः Bhāg.7.6.17.
    -देव 1 the god of love.
    -2 N. of Śiva.
    -3 N. of Viṣṇu.
    -दोहिन् a. granting desires.
    -धर्मः amorous behaviour.
    -धेनुः f. the cow of plenty, a heavenly cow yielding all desires; कलतिवलती कामधेनू; or कलिवली कामधेनू Vyāka- raṇa Subhāṣita.
    -ध्वंसिन् m. an epithet of Śiva.
    -पति, -पत्नी f. Rati, wife of Cupid.
    -पालः N. of Balarāma; also of Śiva.
    -प्रद a. granting desires.
    (-दः) 1 a kind of coitus.
    -2 the Supreme Being.
    -प्रवेदनम् expressing one's desire, wish or hope; कच्चित् कामप्रवेदने Ak.
    -प्रश्नः an unrestrained or free question; स ह कामप्रश्नमेव वव्रे Bṛi. Up.4.3.1.
    -फलः a species of the mango tree.
    -ला the plantain tree.
    -भाज् a. partaking of sensual enjoyment; कामानां त्वा कामभाजं करोमि Kaṭh.1.24.
    -भोगाः (pl.) sensual grati- fications; प्रसक्ताः कामभोगेषु Bg.16.16.
    -महः a festival of the god of love celebrated on the full-moon day in the month of Chaitra.
    -मालिन् m. N. of Gaṇeśa.
    -मूढ, -मोहित a. influenced or infatuated by love; यत्क्रौञ्च- मिथुनादेकमवधीः काममोहितम् U.2.5.
    -रसः 1 seminal dis- charge.
    -2 the spling
    -रसिक a. lustful, libidinous; क्षणमपि युवा कामरसिकः Bh.3.112.
    -रूप a.
    1 taking any form at will; जानामि त्वां प्रकृतिपुरुषं कामरूपं मघोनः Me.6.
    -2 beautiful, pleasing. (
    -पाः) (pl.) a district lying in the east of Bengal (the west- ern portion of Assam); तमीशः कामरूपाणाम् R.4.83,84.
    -रूपिन् a.
    1 taking any form at will; कामान्नी कामरूपी Tait. Up.3.1.5.
    -2 beautiful. -m.
    1 a pole-cat.
    -2 a boar.
    -3 a Vidyādhara.
    -रेखा, -लेखा a harlot, courtezan.
    -लता membrum virile.
    -लोल a. overcome with passion, love-stricken.
    -वरः a gift chosen at will.
    -वल्लभः 1 the spring.
    -2 the moon.
    -3 the mango tree. (
    -भा) moonlight.
    -वश a. influenced by love. (
    -शः) subjection to love.
    -वश्य n. subject to love.
    -वाद a. saying anything at will.
    -विहन्तृ a. disappointing desires.
    -वीर्य a. 'showing heroism at will,' an epithet of Garuḍa.
    -वृक्षम् a. paracitical plant.
    -वृत्त a. addicted to sensual gratification, licentious, dissipated; विशीलः कामवृत्तो वा गुणैर्वा परिवर्जितः । उपचर्यः स्त्रिया साध्व्या सततं देववत्पतिः ॥ Ms. 5.154.
    -वृत्ति a. acting according to will, self-willed, independent; न कामवृत्तिर्वचनीयमीक्षते Ku.5.82. (
    -त्तिः) f.
    1 free and unrestrained action.
    -2 freedom of will.
    -वृद्धिः f. increase of passion.
    -वृन्तम् the trumpet flower.
    - शर 1 a love shaft.
    -2 the mango tree.
    -शास्त्रम् the science of love, erotic science.
    -संयोगः attainment of desired objects.
    -सखः 1 the spring.
    -2 the month of Chaitra.
    -3 the mango tree.
    -सू a. fulfilling any desire. किमत्र चित्रं यदि कामसूर्भूः R.5.33. -m. N. of Vāsudeva. -f. N. of Rukmiṇi;
    -सूत्रम् 1 N. of an erotic work by Vātsyāyana.
    -2 'thread of love', love-incident' औद्धत्यमायोजितकामसूत्रम् Māl.1.4.
    -हैतुक a. produced by mere desire without any real cause; Bg.16.8.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > कामः _kāmḥ

  • 12 κύτταρος

    A cell of a honeycomb, Id.V. 1111, Arist.HA 551b5, 554a18, 555a1.
    b male flower of the pine, ib.3.3.8, 3.7.3.
    c = ἐχῖνος 111.1, τῶν δρυῶν οἱ κ., Hsch.
    3 metaph., τοὐρανοῦ τὸν κ. the pinnacle of the dome of heaven, Ar. Pax 199.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κύτταρος

  • 13 سداة

    سَدَاة \ stamen: the male part of a flower, whose dust (called pollen) makes the seed grow.

    Arabic-English dictionary > سداة

  • 14 Blüte

    f; -, -n
    1. flower, blossom, bloom; männliche / weibliche / zwittrige Blüten BOT. male / female / hermaphroditic flowers; Blüten tragend blossoming; fachspr. floriferous; eine Blüte bestäuben pollinate a flower; seltsame Blüten treiben fig. come up with some strange things ( oder effects); üppige Blüten treiben fig. produce extravagant effects, ideas etc.
    2. nur Sg.; Gesamtheit der Blüten: blossom; in ( voller) Blüte stehen be in (full) bloom ( oder flower oder blossom)
    3. nur Sg. (Blütezeit) flowering time; bes. bei Bäumen: blossom; eine Pflanze nach der Blüte zurückschneiden prune a plant after flowering
    4. fig. (Höhepunkt) height; der Macht, einer Mode etc.: auch heyday; (Elite) cream, elite; WIRTS. time of prosperity; einer Kultur, einer Kunst: flowering, height; in der Blüte seiner Jugend / Jahre geh. in the prime of youth / life; zur Blüte gelangen come to fruition; seine Blüte erleben flourish, reach its peak, have its heyday; zu neuer Blüte gelangen experience a revival; weitS. reach new heights
    5. umg. (falsche Banknote) dud, Am. fake
    6. Stilblüte
    7. umg. altm. (Pickel) rash, pimple, Brit. spot; voller Blüten covered in a rash ( oder in pimples oder in spots)
    * * *
    die Blüte
    (Baum) blossom;
    (Blume) bloom; flower;
    (Blühen) florescence;
    * * *
    Blü|te ['blyːtə]
    f -, -n
    1) (BOT = Pflanzenteil) (von Blume) flower, bloom; (von Baum) blossom

    Blǘten treiben — to be in flower or bloom, to be flowering or blooming; (Baum) to be blossoming or in blossom

    seltsame Blǘten treiben — to produce strange effects; (Fantasie, Angst)

    eine Blǘte seiner Fantasie — a figment of his imagination

    2)

    (= das Blühen, Blütezeit) zur Blǘte des Klees — when the clover is in flower or bloom

    zur Blǘte der Kirschbäume — when the cherry trees are blossoming or in blossom

    die Blǘte beginnt — the flowers are coming into bloom; (bei Bäumen) the trees are coming into blossom

    die Blǘte der Apfelbäume ist vorüber — the apple trees are no longer blossoming or in blossom

    in ( voller) Blǘte stehen — to be in (full) flower (esp Brit) or blossom; (Bäume) to be in (full) blossom; (Kultur, Geschäft) to be flourishing

    sich zur vollen Blǘte entfalten — to come into full flower; (Mädchen, Kultur) to blossom

    seine Blǘte erreichen or erleben (Kultur etc) — to reach its peak

    ein Zeitalter kultureller Blǘte — an age of cultural ascendency

    in der Blǘte seiner Jahre — in his prime, in the prime of his life

    eine neue Blǘte erleben — to undergo a revival

    3) (MED = Ausschlag) rash, efflorescence (spec)
    4) (inf = gefälschte Note) dud (inf)
    * * *
    die
    1) (the state of flowering: The flowers are in bloom.) bloom
    2) (freshness: in the bloom of youth.) bloom
    3) (flowers, especially of a fruit tree: beautiful blossom; apple blossom.) blossom
    4) (the best part (of a person's etc life, usually early middle age): He is in his prime; the prime of life.) prime
    * * *
    Blü·te
    <-, -n>
    [ˈbly:tə]
    f
    1. (Pflanzenteil) bloom, flower; Baum blossom
    die \Blüten des Kirschbaumes sind reinweiß the blossom on the cherry tree is pure white
    sich akk zur vollen \Blüte entfalten to blossom
    in [voller] \Blüte stehen to be in [full] bloom
    \Blüten treiben to [be in] bloom [or flower]; Baum to [be in] blossom
    2. (Blütezeit) blooming no pl, blossoming no pl, flowering season
    im Mai beginnt die \Blüte der Kirschbäume cherry trees start to blossom in May
    3. (fam: falsche Banknote) dud fam, forgery
    4. (hoher Entwicklungsstand) height, heyday usu sing
    während der Zeit der größten \Blüte des Römischen Reiches at the height of the Roman Empire
    in jeder Zivilisation gibt es eine Zeit der \Blüte every civilization has its heyday
    seine \Blüte erreichen [o erleben] to reach its peak
    in der \Blüte seiner/ihrer Jahre sein [o stehen] to be in the prime of life
    er steht in der \Blüte seiner Jahre he is in his prime
    im 19. Jahrhundert entfaltete sich die Stadt zur vollen \Blüte the town blossomed in the 19th century
    Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts stand die Kunst des Jugendstils gerade in voller \Blüte Art Nouveau flourished at the beginning of the 20th century
    5.
    ▶ merkwürdige [o seltsame] [o wunderliche] \Blüten treiben to take on strange forms
    * * *
    die; Blüte, Blüten
    1) flower; bloom; (eines Baums) blossom

    Blüten treiben — flower; bloom; < tree> blossom

    2) (das Blühen) flowering; blooming; (BaumBlüte) blossoming

    in [voller] Blüte stehen — be in [full] flower or bloom/blossom

    3) (fig. geh.)

    seine Blüte erreichen — < culture> reach its full flowering

    die Renaissance war für die Kunst eine Zeit der Blüte — art flourished during the Renaissance

    4) (ugs.): (falsche Banknote) dud note (sl.)
    * * *
    Blüte f; -, -n
    1. flower, blossom, bloom;
    männliche/weibliche/zwittrige Blüten BOT male/female/hermaphroditic flowers;
    Blüten tragend blossoming; fachspr floriferous;
    eine Blüte bestäuben pollinate a flower;
    seltsame Blüten treiben fig come up with some strange things ( oder effects);
    üppige Blüten treiben fig produce extravagant effects, ideas etc
    2. nur sg; Gesamtheit der Blüten: blossom;
    in (voller) Blüte stehen be in (full) bloom ( oder flower oder blossom)
    3. nur sg (Blütezeit) flowering time; besonders bei Bäumen: blossom;
    eine Pflanze nach der Blüte zurückschneiden prune a plant after flowering
    4. fig (Höhepunkt) height; der Macht, einer Mode etc: auch heyday; (Elite) cream, elite; WIRTSCH time of prosperity; einer Kultur, einer Kunst: flowering, height;
    in der Blüte seiner Jugend/Jahre geh in the prime of youth/life;
    zur Blüte gelangen come to fruition;
    seine Blüte erleben flourish, reach its peak, have its heyday;
    zu neuer Blüte gelangen experience a revival; weitS. reach new heights
    5. umg (falsche Banknote) dud, US fake
    6. → Stilblüte
    7. umg obs (Pickel) rash, pimple, Br spot;
    voller Blüten covered in a rash ( oder in pimples oder in spots)
    * * *
    die; Blüte, Blüten
    1) flower; bloom; (eines Baums) blossom

    Blüten treiben — flower; bloom; < tree> blossom

    2) (das Blühen) flowering; blooming; (BaumBlüte) blossoming

    in [voller] Blüte stehen — be in [full] flower or bloom/blossom

    3) (fig. geh.)

    seine Blüte erreichen — < culture> reach its full flowering

    4) (ugs.): (falsche Banknote) dud note (sl.)
    * * *
    -n f.
    blossom n.
    florescence n.
    flower n. -n (Falschgeld) f.
    counterfeit bank note n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Blüte

  • 15 portare

    ( trasportare) carry
    ( accompagnare) take
    ( avere adosso) wear
    ( condurre) lead
    portare via take away
    mi ha portato un regalo he brought me a present
    portale un regalo take her a present
    essere portato per qualcosa/per fare qualcosa have a gift for something/for doing something
    portare fortuna be lucky
    porta bene i propri anni he doesn't look his age
    * * *
    portare v.tr.
    1 (verso chi parla, ascolta) to bring*; ( andare a prendere) to fetch: portami un bicchier d'acqua, bring me a glass of water; portami i libri che ho lasciato sul tavolo, fetch me the books I left on the table; questo vento porterà pioggia, this wind will bring rain; spero mi porterai buone notizie, I hope you'll bring me good news; ti porto una tazza di tè?, shall I bring you a cup of tea?; portare dentro, fuori, su, giù, to bring in, out, up, down // devo portare in tavola?, shall I serve the dinner?
    2 ( lontano da chi parla; accompagnare) to take*: mi porti al cinema questa sera?, will you take me to the pictures tonight?; porta questa lettera a mio fratello, alla posta, take this letter to my brother, to the post; porta questo vassoio in camera sua, take this tray to his room; il suo cappello fu portato via dal vento, his hat blew off; ti porterò a casa in automobile, I'll drive you home; ti porterò a passeggio, I'll take you for a walk; portare dentro, fuori, su, giù, to take in, out, up, down // portare via, ( togliere) to take away; ( rubare) to steal; ( far morire) to carry off: mi fai il piacere di portare via la tua roba?, will you please take your stuff away?; in autobus mi hanno portato via il portafoglio, they stole my wallet on the bus; una polmonite l'ha portato via in pochi giorni, he was carried off by pneumonia within a few days; è un lavoro che porta via molto tempo, it's a job that takes a long time // che il diavolo ti porti!, go to the devil!
    3 ( portare con fatica, sostenere; portare d'abitudine) to carry: porta di sopra questo baule, carry this trunk upstairs; non porto mai l'ombrello, I never carry an umbrella; i poliziotti in Inghilterra non portano armi, the police in Britain don't carry guns; porta sempre molto denaro contante con sé, he always carries a lot of cash on him; portare qlcu. in trionfo, to carry s.o. in triumph; portare una valigia sulle spalle, to carry a suitcase on one's shoulders // ognuno ha la propria croce da portare, everyone has his own cross to bear; portare qlcu. in palmo di mano, to hold s.o. in great esteem (o to have a high opinion of s.o.) // quell'uomo porta bene i suoi anni, that man doesn't look his age // portare vasi a Samo, acqua al mare, to carry coals to Newcastle
    4 portare avanti, to maintain, to carry out: ha sempre portato avanti una linea politica coraggiosa, he always carried out (o maintained) a courageous policy; portò avanti per tutta la vita un discorso di culturizzazione delle masse, throughout his life he carried out the task of promoting mass education; ha sempre portato avanti le sue battaglie in prima persona, he has always fought his own battles; (dir.) portare avanti un'azione legale, to maintain a legal action; portare fra le braccia qlcu., to carry s.o. in one's arms
    5 ( portare con sé) to bring*, to take*: hai portato il costume da bagno?, did you bring your bathing costume?; porta con te un po' di dollari, take some dollars with you; porta con te tuo fratello, take your brother with you
    6 ( condurre) to lead*: questa strada porta all'albergo, this road leads to the hotel; il benessere sociale portò a questa situazione, social affluence led to this situation // portare un piano a compimento, to carry out a plan // portare qlcu. a conoscenza di qlco., to bring sthg. to s.o.'s knowledge // tutte le strade portano a Roma, (prov.) all roads lead to Rome
    7 ( indurre) to induce: tutto porta a credere alla sua innocenza, everything induces (o leads) one to believe in his innocence // portare qlcu. alla disperazione, to drive s.o. to despair
    8 ( guidare, condurre) to drive*; to pilot: non sa portare l'auto, he can't drive (a car); portare la nave in porto, to pilot the ship into port
    9 ( indossare, avere) to wear*, to have on, to be dressed in (sthg.): portava un paio di scarpe bianche, she was wearing a pair of white shoes; portare i capelli lunghi, corti, to wear one's hair long, short (o to have long, short hair); portare un fiore all'occhiello, to wear a flower in one's button hole; portare occhiali, gioielli, to wear glasses, jewels; portare un soprabito, un cappello, to wear an overcoat, a hat; portare il lutto, to wear mourning
    10 ( nutrire) to nourish, to bear*: portare odio, to nourish feelings of hatred; portare rancore verso qlcu., to bear s.o. a grudge; portare speranze, to nourish hopes // portare rispetto a qlcu., to have respect for s.o.
    11 ( causare) to cause, to bring forth: questo cattivo tempo porterà molte malattie, this bad weather will cause a lot of illness; la sua assenza mi ha portato molto danno, his absence has done me a lot of harm; portare fortuna, to bring luck
    12 ( produrre) to bear*, to bring* forth, to yield, to produce: il melo non porterà nessun frutto quest'anno, the apple tree will not bear any fruit this year
    13 ( avere) to bear*, to have*: questa lettera porta una data sbagliata, this letter is wrongly dated; questo documento porta una firma falsa, this document bears a false signature; il suo libro porta uno strano titolo, his book has a strange title
    14 ( sopportare) to bear*, to endure: porta la sua pena con molto coraggio, he bears his pain very bravely
    15 ( addurre) to bring forward, to put forward: portare prove, buone ragioni, un esempio, to bring (o to put) forward proofs, good reasons, an example; portò delle scuse ridicole, he made some absurd excuses
    16 (mat.) ( riportare) to carry: scrivo 5 e porto 3, I put down 5 and carry 3
    17 (di cannone ecc.) ( aver una portata di) to have a range of (sthg.)
    18 ( sostenere, appoggiare) to support.
    ◘ portarsi v.rifl. o intr.pron.
    1 ( spostarsi) to move: dovresti portarti a destra, you should move to the right
    2 ( andare) to go*; ( venire) to come*: cercherò di portarmi a Roma al più presto, I'll try to come, to go to Rome as soon as possible; dovresti portarti in città verso mezzogiorno, you should be in town around noon
    3 ( comportarsi) to behave*: portare bene, male, to behave well, badly
    4 ( stare di salute): portare bene, male, to be in good, bad health (for one's age).
    * * *
    [por'tare]
    1. vt
    1) (sostenere, sorreggere: peso, bambino, pacco) to carry

    portare via — to take away, (rubare) to take

    porta bene i suoi anni — he's wearing well, he doesn't look his age

    2)

    (consegnare, recare) portare qc (a qn) — to take (o bring) sth (to sb)

    porta il libro in cucina! — (vicino a chi parla) bring the book into the kitchen!, (lontano da chi parla) take the book into the kitchen!

    posso portarli a casa? — can I bring (o take) them home?

    portare qc alla bocca — to lift o put sth to one's lips

    portare fortuna/sfortuna a qn — to bring (good) luck/bad luck to sb

    3) (condurre) to take, (sogg : strada) to take, lead

    (fig : indurre) portare qn a (fare) qc — to lead sb to (do) sth

    dove porta questa strada? — where does this road lead?, where does this road take you?

    4) (indossare: scarpe, vestito, occhiali) to wear, have on

    porta i capelli lunghi — he wears his hair long, he has long hair

    5) (avere: nome, titolo, firma) to have, bear, (fig : sentimenti) to bear
    2. vip (portarsi)
    (recarsi) to go
    * * *
    [por'tare] 1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) (verso chi parla) to bring*; (andare a prendere) to fetch

    portare qcs. a qcn. — to take sb. sth., to take sth. to sb.

    3) (trasportare) to carry

    portare qcs. sulle spalle — to carry sth. on one's back

    essere portato dal vento — to be blown along by the wind, to be borne on the wind

    4) (prendere con sé) to take*, to bring* [ oggetto]
    5) (accompagnare) to take*; (condurre con sé) to bring* [amico, cane]

    portare qcn. a scuola, all'ospedale — to take sb. to school, to the hospital

    portare qcn. a ballare — to take sb. dancing

    6) (condurre) to bring*, to lead* (anche fig.)

    questa discussione non ci sta portando da nessuna parte — fig. this discussion is leading o getting us nowhere

    portare qcn. alla follia, alla disperazione — fig. to drive sb. to madness, despair

    portare danno — to cause o do harm

    portare fortuna, sfortuna a qcn. — to bring sb. good, bad luck

    porta bene, male fare — it's good, bad luck to do

    tutto porta a credere che — there is every indication that, all the indications are that

    9) (avere) to wear* [barba, capelli]
    10) (indossare) to wear*, to have* on [ vestito]; to wear* [gioiello, occhiali, lenti a contatto]; to take* [ taglia]
    11) (avere) to bear*, to have* [nome, titolo]

    ne porta ancora i segni — fig. he still bears the scars

    12) (reggere, sostenere) [colonna, struttura] to bear*, to hold*, to support [tetto, peso]; [persona, animale] to bear* [ peso]
    13) (nutrire un sentimento) to bear*, to nourish [amore, rancore]

    portare rispetto a qcn. — to have respect for sb.

    14) (addurre) to adduce, to put* forward [ragione, motivazioni]; to bring* forward, to produce [ prove]
    15) (comunicare, riferire)
    16) mat. colloq.

    scrivo 3, porto 2 — I put down 3 and carry 2

    17) portare via (prendere con sé) to take* away, to carry away

    "due hamburger da portare via" — "two hamburgers to take away BE o to go AE "; (rubare) to steal*, to take*; (trasportare) [ acqua] to bear* away, to carry away [persona, barca]; [ vento] to blow* off, to blow* away [ cappello]; (richiedere) to take* (up) [ tempo]

    18) portare avanti (proseguire) to follow through, to pursue [idea, teoria]; to carry out [campagna, indagine]; (mettere avanti) to put* forward, to put* on [ orologio]
    19) portare indietro to take* back, to return [ merce]; (mettere indietro) to put* back, to turn back [ orologio]
    20) portare su to carry up; (al piano di sopra) to take* upstairs; (far aumentare) to force up [ prezzi]
    21) portare giù, sotto to bring* down; (al piano di sotto) to take* downstairs
    22) portare dentro to bring* inside, to fetch in
    23) portare fuori to carry out, to fetch out

    portare fuori il cane — to take the dog for a walk, to walk the dog

    2.
    verbo intransitivo (aus. avere)
    1) (condurre) to lead*
    2) arm.
    3.
    verbo pronominale portarsi
    1) (andare) to go*; (venire) to come*; (spostarsi) to move
    2) (con sé) to bring* along
    3) portarsi dietro to bring* along
    * * *
    portare
    /por'tare/ [1]
    Tra i verbi inglesi che traducono l'italiano portare, to bring e to take sottolineano il movimento e la direzione verso cui si porta qualcosa: to bring implica l'idea di venire verso chi parla o ascolta, to take l'idea di allontanarsi da chi parla o ascolta (cameriere, mi porti il conto per favore! = waiter, bring me the bill, please!; prenditi l'ombrello! = take your umbrella with you!). Il verbo to carry, invece, non implica alcuna direzione ma piuttosto l'idea di trasportare qualcosa, o portare qualcosa con sé: mi porti tu questi libri, per favore? = will you carry these books for me, please? non porto mai molti soldi con me = I never carry much money with me. Tra gli equivalenti più specifici di portare, tutti elencati nella voce qui sotto, si noti in particolare to wear, cioè indossare.
     1 (verso chi parla) to bring*; (andare a prendere) to fetch; portami quella sedia bring me that chair; ci ha portato dei regali dal suo viaggio he brought us back presents from his trip; portami qualcosa da bere get me something to drink; te ne porto un altro I'll fetch you another one
     2 (lontano da chi parla) to take*; portare qcs. a qcn. to take sb. sth., to take sth. to sb.; portare delle sedie in giardino to take chairs into the garden; portare la macchina dal meccanico to take the car to the garage
     3 (trasportare) to carry; portare una valigia to carry a suitcase; portare qcs. sulle spalle to carry sth. on one's back; portare in braccio un bambino to hold a baby in one's arms; essere portato dal vento to be blown along by the wind, to be borne on the wind
     4 (prendere con sé) to take*, to bring* [ oggetto]; non dimenticare di portare un ombrello don't forget to take an umbrella
     5 (accompagnare) to take*; (condurre con sé) to bring* [amico, cane]; portare qcn. a scuola, all'ospedale to take sb. to school, to the hospital; ti porto a casa I'll take you home; portare qcn. a ballare to take sb. dancing
     6 (condurre) to bring*, to lead* (anche fig.); un autobus ti porterà in albergo a bus will take you to the hotel; cosa ti ha portato qui? what brought you here? questa discussione non ci sta portando da nessuna parte fig. this discussion is leading o getting us nowhere; portare qcn. alla follia, alla disperazione fig. to drive sb. to madness, despair
     7 (causare) portare danno to cause o do harm; portare fortuna, sfortuna a qcn. to bring sb. good, bad luck; porta bene, male fare it's good, bad luck to do; portare frutti to bear fruit
     8 (indurre) tutto porta a credere che there is every indication that, all the indications are that; questo ci porta alla conclusione che this leads us to the conclusion that
     9 (avere) to wear* [barba, capelli]; porta i capelli lunghi she wears her hair long
     10 ⇒ 35 (indossare) to wear*, to have* on [ vestito]; to wear* [gioiello, occhiali, lenti a contatto]; to take* [ taglia]; che numero porti di scarpe? what size shoes do you take? porto il 40 di scarpe I take size 40 shoes
     11 (avere) to bear*, to have* [nome, titolo]; porto il nome di mia nonna I'm named after my grandmother; portare i segni di to bear the marks o signs of; ne porta ancora i segni fig. he still bears the scars
     12 (reggere, sostenere) [colonna, struttura] to bear*, to hold*, to support [tetto, peso]; [persona, animale] to bear* [ peso]
     13 (nutrire un sentimento) to bear*, to nourish [amore, rancore]; portare rispetto a qcn. to have respect for sb.; porta pazienza! be patient! have some patience!
     14 (addurre) to adduce, to put* forward [ragione, motivazioni]; to bring* forward, to produce [ prove]
     15 (comunicare, riferire) porta loro i miei saluti send them my regards
     16 mat. colloq. scrivo 3, porto 2 I put down 3 and carry 2
     17 portare via (prendere con sé) to take* away, to carry away; portare via la spazzatura to clear away the rubbish; "due hamburger da portare via" "two hamburgers to take away BE o to go AE "; (rubare) to steal*, to take*; (trasportare) [ acqua] to bear* away, to carry away [persona, barca]; [ vento] to blow* off, to blow* away [ cappello]; (richiedere) to take* (up) [ tempo]
     18 portare avanti (proseguire) to follow through, to pursue [idea, teoria]; to carry out [campagna, indagine]; (mettere avanti) to put* forward, to put* on [ orologio]
     19 portare indietro to take* back, to return [ merce]; (mettere indietro) to put* back, to turn back [ orologio]
     20 portare su to carry up; (al piano di sopra) to take* upstairs; (far aumentare) to force up [ prezzi]
     21 portare giù, sotto to bring* down; (al piano di sotto) to take* downstairs
     22 portare dentro to bring* inside, to fetch in
     23 portare fuori to carry out, to fetch out; portare fuori il cane to take the dog for a walk, to walk the dog; portare fuori l'immondizia to put the garbage out
     (aus. avere)
     1 (condurre) to lead*; questa strada porta alla chiesa this road leads to the church
     2 arm. un cannone che porta a 2500 metri a cannon with a range of 2500 metres
    III portarsi verbo pronominale
     1 (andare) to go*; (venire) to come*; (spostarsi) to move; - rsi in testa alla classifica to get to first place
     2 (con sé) to bring* along; - rsi il lavoro a casa to take one's work home
     3 portarsi dietro to bring* along; un'abitudine che ci si porta dietro dall'infanzia a habit that is carried over from childhood
     4 portarsi avanti (progredire) mi sono portata avanti nel lavoro I've got well ahead with my work.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > portare

  • 16 पिण्ड _piṇḍa

    पिण्ड a. (
    -ण्डी f.) [पिण्ड्-अच्]
    1 Solid (घन).
    -2 Compact, dense, close.
    -ण्डः, -ण्डम् 1 A round mass, ball, globe; as in अयःपिण्डः, नेत्रपिण्डः &c.
    -2 A lump, clod (of earth &c.).
    -3 A round lump of food, morsel, mouthful; स न्यस्तशस्त्रो हरये स्वदेहमुपानयत् पिण्डमिवामिषस्य R. 2.59.
    -4 A ball or lump of rice offered to the Manes at obsequial ceremonies or Śrāddhas; नूनं मत्तः परं वंश्याः पिण्डविच्छेददर्शिनः । न प्रकामभुजः श्राद्धे स्वधासंग्रहतत्पराः । R.1.66; 8.26; Ms.3.216;9.132,136,14; Y.1.159.
    -5 Food in general; सफलीकृतभर्तृपिण्डः M.5. 'who was true to his master's salt'.
    -6 Livelihood, sustenance, subsistence; पिण्डार्थमायस्यतः Mu.3.14.
    -7 Alms; पिण्डपातवेला Māl.2.
    -8 Flesh, meat.
    -9 The fœtus or embryo in an early stage of gestation.
    -1 The body, corporeal frame; एकान्तविध्वंसिषु मद्विधानां पिण्डेष्वनास्था खलु भौतिकेषु R.2.57.
    -11 A heap, collection, multitude.
    -12 The calf of the leg; Māl.5.16.
    -13 A round button.
    -14 Any- thing round, thick, gross or solid.
    -15 An object in general.
    -16 A particular part of a house.
    -17 (In astr.) A sine expressed in numbers.
    -18 The twenty-fourth part of the quadrant of a circle.
    -19 The frontal sinus of an elephant or its projection.
    -2 A portico or shed in front of the door.
    -21 Incense, frank-incense.
    -22 (In arith.) Sum, total, amount.
    -23 (In geom.) Thickness.
    -24 The flower of a China rose.
    -ण्डम् 1 Power, strength, might.
    -2 Iron.
    -3 Fresh butter.
    -4 An army.
    -5 Water; L. D. B.
    -Comp -अक्षर a. containing a conjunct consonant.
    -अन्वाहार्य a. to be eaten after the funeral rice-ball has been offered to the manes; पिण्डान्वाहार्यकं श्राद्धं कुर्यान्मासानुमासिकम् Ms.3.122.
    -अन्वाहार्यकम् a meal in honour of the manes.
    -अभ्रम् hail.
    -अयसम् steel.
    -अलक्तकः a red dye.
    -अशनः, -आशः, -आशकः, -आशिन् m. a beggar.
    -उदकक्रिया an oblation of obsequial rice-balls and water to the deceased.
    -उद्धरणम् participating in funeral offerings.
    -गोसः gum myrrh.
    -तैलम्, -तैलकः incense.
    -द a.
    1 one who gives food, one who supplies with bread or with any other means of subsistence; श्वा पिण्डदस्य कुरुते गजपुङ्गवस्तु धीरं विलोकयति चाटुशतैश्च भुङ्क्ते Bh.2.31.
    -3 one who is qualified to give the funeral rice-balls to deceased ancestors; Y.2.132.
    (-दः) 1 the nearest male relation who offers the funeral rice-ball.
    -2 a master, patron.
    -दा a mother
    -दानम् 1 presentation of the obsequial rice-balls.
    -2 the funeral oblation made to deceased ancestors on the day of new-moon.
    -निर्वपणम् presenting obsequial rice- balls to the manes; अनयैवावृता कार्यं पिण्डनिर्वपणं सुतैः Ms.3. 248,261.
    -निवृत्तिः cessation of relationship (by श्राद्ध oblation).
    -पदम् a particular अङ्कभेद in Astronomy; Śabda Chi.
    -पातः giving alms; Māl.1.
    -पातिकः one who lives on alms.
    -पादः, -पाद्यः an elephant.
    -पितृयज्ञः the oblation to deceased ancestors on the evening of new moon.
    -पुष्पः 1 the Aśoka tree.
    -2 the China rose.
    -3 the pomegranate.
    (-पुष्पम्) 1 the blossom of the Asoka tree.
    -2 the flower of Chinarose.
    -3 a lotus.
    -भाज् a. receiving or entitled to a share in the funeral rice-ball. -m. (pl.) the deceased ancestors or manes; अहो दुष्यन्तस्य संशयमारूढाः पिण्डभाजः Ś.6.
    -भृतिः f. liveli- hood, means of subsistence.
    -मूलम्, -मूलकम् a carrot.
    -यज्ञः the presentation of the obsequial rice-balls to the deceased ancestors; पिण्डयज्ञावृता देयं प्रेतायान्नं दिनत्रयम् Y.3.16.
    -लेपः fragments of the obsequial rice-balls which cling to the hand; (these are presented to the three ancestors immediately preceding the great-grand father).
    -लोपः 1 interruption in offering the funeral rice-balls (as the failure of issue).
    -2 neglect in offering the funeral rice-balls (to the deceased ancestors).
    -विषमः one of the ways of embezzlement namely inconsistency in dealing with fixed items; Kau. A.2. 8.26.
    -शर्करा sugar prepared from Yavanāla.
    -संबन्धः relationship between a living person and one deceased such as is sufficiently near to qualify the former to offer the obsequial rice-ball to the latter.
    -स्वेदः a hot poultice.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > पिण्ड _piṇḍa

  • 17 гомосексуалист

    1) General subject: Sodomite, effeminate, faggot, fairy, fruitcake, homophile, homosexual, homosexualist, invert, nance, nancy, pansy, queer, sodomite, (особенно сл. часто) three-dollar bill, uranism, male-who-goes-to-bed-with-males, banana crammer
    2) Medicine: contrary sexual
    3) Colloquial: a male gay, camp, gay
    4) American: faggy
    5) British English: mincer (gay man)
    6) Law: bugger
    7) Australian slang: nancy boy, poo jabber, poofter
    8) Scornful: homo
    9) Abbreviation: sod (от sodomite)
    10) Jargon: bird, fag, faggart faggot, faggart fagot, flower, fluter, frit, gobbler, lightfooted, lily, mola, nola, pato, poof, quean, queen (особенно привлекательный для гомосексуалистов, играющих роль мужчины), raver, soft butt, swish, twink, weirdo, gaylord ("королева геев"), bale (Don't bother Britany - he's bale. Не беспокойся Британи-он гомик.), Ted (He's a bit Ted.), first (He's a right first.), doctor (He’s a bit of a doctor.), tin roof (I think he might be a tin roof.), Finlay (That boozer is Finlay ub.), behind with the rent (You're not behind with the rent?), sailor (В фильме Full Metal Jacket: Only faggots and sailors are called Lawrence! - "Только пидоров и гомосеков зовут Лоуренсами!"), as queer as a nine bob note, pouf, pooh pusher, bet for other side, bitch, capon, f-a-g, flit, flute, fly ball, freak, fruit, fruit-cake, fruity, girl, mintie (особенно мужеподобная, агрессивная лесбиянка), mother, pix, pogey, pogie, pogy, queered, three-letter man, willie
    11) Taboo: Dorian, Irish by birth but Greek by injection (см. Greek), Joey, K, KY cowboy (от названия крема KY Jelly, часто используемого для смазки при анальном сексе), Mary Ann, Miss Thing, Oscar (по имени писателя Оскара Уайльда), Peter Pansy, Q, angel (особ. играющий доминирующую роль), ass-fucker, babe, baby face, back door conquistador, bananas, battyman, bender, bertie, bird-tacker, blade, bona omi (см. naff omi, polone), booty bandit, botter, bottler (см. bottle), botty boy, brown pipe engineer, brown-hatter, brownie, brownie hound, brunser, buftie-boy, bum bandit, bum-boy, bumhole engineer, bunker, burglar, cannibal, charley, chocolate bandit (см. cadbury canal, hershey highway), chocolate chimney sweep, chocolate shark angler, chocolate speedway racer, chutney ferret, clone (обычно в костюме водителя грузовика, рабочего, ковбоя), cocoa sombrero (см. brown hat), confirmed bachelor, cum chum, dandy, degenerate, donut puncher, dung-puncher, effie, enema bandit, exhaust pipe engineer, eye doctor, eye opener, faggart, faggot (в Великобритании это слово обозначает "вязанка хвороста"), fagola, fagot (в США это слово обозначает "вязанка хвороста"), farley, fart knocker, fart-catcher, faygele, fillet, fish, flyball, four-letter man (от homo), freckle-puncher, friend of Dorothy (см. Dorothy's friends), fudge-packer, funny man, gentleman of the back door, gonef, good buddy, gut-fucker, half a man, handbag, haricot, he-haw (игра слов на he-whore q.v. и hee-haw - крик ишака, который имеет большие гениталии), hershey bar (см. cadbury canal; от названия компании, производящей популярные шоколадки), hitch hiker on the Hershey highway, homie, horse's hoof (см. iron hoof), inspector of manholes, iron, jacksie rabbit, jaisy, jam fag, jammer, jere, jolly (см. gay), joy boy, kakpipe cosmonaut, kiki, kinky, knight, lapper, lavender, lavender boy, left-footer, less-than-nothing (с точки зрения гетеросексуального мужчины), lickbox, like that, limp wrist, maama man, man's man, maricon (исп.), marmite miner, meat-hound, midnight cowboy, misfit, mo, molly, mouser, mud-packer, muddy funster, muzzler (особ. феллятор), neuter gender, nine-bob-note, nudger, omee-polone, one of those, painted Willie, pansy (особ. пассивный), pearl-diver, person of uncertain gender, pervert, pervy, pickle chuggler, pillow biter (от мнения о болезненности анального секса и необходимости кусать подушку, чтобы сдержать крик), pipe cleaner, pogue, ponce, poncey, poo packer, puff, pug, punce, pure silk, pussy Nellie, pussy-bumper, quack, quean (особ. пассивный), queen (особ. пассивный), queer one, quim (особ. пассивный), reamer, rear-admiral, ring bandit, ring snatcher, roger ramjet, rump ranger, salami smuggler, sausage jockey (a man who "rides" "sausages"), semen demon, sex boy, she-man, sheepherder, shirt lifter, shirtlifter, shit stabber, shit-hunter, shit-poke, skippy (особ. пассивный), snake, soft boy, stem-wheeer, stern-chaser, stern-wheeler, stir-shit, stoke-on-trent, sucker, sweet, sweet homo, tail gunner, tan-tracker, tea pot, thing, third sexer, three legged beaver (употр. водителями-дальнобойщиками), three-dollar bill, three-letter man (подразумевается fag q.v.), tommy, tonk, trapeze artist, truck driver, turd burglar, turd-walloper, tusk, twilight personality, undercover man, uphill gardener, usher of the back-door, vache (от фр. "корова"), vert, waffle, what?, wooftah, woofter, woolie woofter, woolly-woofter, works (pl), wuss (обыч. держащий свои наклонности в секрете), zippersniffer, arse-bandit, brownhatter, brown owl, beefer
    12) Phraseological unit: back gammon player, bat for the other team

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > гомосексуалист

  • 18 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 19 desprender

    v.
    1 to remove, to detach (lo que estaba fijo).
    2 to give off.
    3 to unfasten, to remove, to detach, to make loose.
    Ella desprendió el broche She unfastened the brooch.
    4 to emit, to emanate, to give off.
    El leño podrido desprende luz The rotting log emits light.
    * * *
    1 (separar) to detach, remove
    2 (soltar) to release
    3 (emanar) to give off
    1 (soltarse) to come off, come away
    2 (emanar) to emanate, be given off
    3 (renunciar) to part with, give away
    4 figurado (liberarse) to rid oneself (de, of), free oneself (de, from)
    5 (deducirse) to follow, be inferred, be implied
    * * *
    verb
    1) to detach, loosen
    2) give, emit
    •
    - desprenderse
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=soltar) [+ gas, olor] to give off; [+ piel, pelo] to shed
    2) (=separar)
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) (soltar, separar) < teja> to dislodge; < etiqueta> to detach
    2) <gases/chispas/olor> to give off
    2.
    desprenderse v pron
    1) teja to come loose; botón to come off; retina to become detached

    se desprendió del soporte — it came away from o (frml) detached itself from the support

    2)
    a) (renunciar, entregar)
    b) (apartarse, separarse)

    desprenderse de algo/alguien — to get rid of something/somebody

    4) ( inferirse)

    de lo que se desprende que... — what can be gathered from it is that...

    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) (soltar, separar) < teja> to dislodge; < etiqueta> to detach
    2) <gases/chispas/olor> to give off
    2.
    desprenderse v pron
    1) teja to come loose; botón to come off; retina to become detached

    se desprendió del soporte — it came away from o (frml) detached itself from the support

    2)
    a) (renunciar, entregar)
    b) (apartarse, separarse)

    desprenderse de algo/alguien — to get rid of something/somebody

    4) ( inferirse)

    de lo que se desprende que... — what can be gathered from it is that...

    * * *
    desprender1

    Ex: Images of homosexuality and lesbianism are used as a confrontational political tool to dislodge male hegemony within the current cultural context.

    * carne + desprenderse del hueso = meat + fall off + the bone.
    * desprenderse = drop off, fall from, fall out, flake off, follow, snap off, fall, come + undone, come + loose, come off.
    * desprenderse de = divest of, drop away from, throw away, part with, come out of, fall off of.
    * desprender semillas = go to + seed.
    * se desprende que = it follows that.

    desprender2
    2 = give off, spout.

    Ex: Once the fronds have given off their spores, they die and can be cut back.

    Ex: The weather cleared enough that we could get in to the volcanic islands (still spouting plumes of smoke) by copter in safety.

    * * *
    desprender [E1 ]
    vt
    A (soltar, separar) to detach
    logró desprenderlo del eje he succeeded in detaching it from the shaft
    los golpes han desprendido parte del revoque part of the plaster has come away o off with all the banging
    el rótulo estaba medio desprendido the sign was hanging off its hinges/coming loose
    B ‹gases/chispas/olor› to give off
    C ( RPl) (desabrochar) ‹botón› to undo
    A «botón» to come off; «retina» to become detached
    se desprendieron varias tejas several tiles came off (the roof)
    se desprendió de su abrazo ( liter); she detached herself from his embrace ( liter)
    se desprendió del soporte it came away from o ( frml) detached itself from the support
    B
    1 (renunciar, entregar) desprenderse DE algo to part WITH sth
    no me voy a desprender de este cuadro I'm not going to part with this picture
    no piensa desprenderse del bebé she has no intention of giving up the baby
    2 (apartarse, separarse) desprenderse DE algo to let go OF sth
    no se desprende de su osito he won't let go of his teddybear
    no se me desprende del lado she won't leave my side for a minute
    C (deshacerse) desprenderse DE algo/algn to get rid OF sth/sb
    no consigue desprenderse de sus prejuicios he doesn't seem able to shake off his prejudices
    se desprendió de todos los documentos comprometedores he got rid of all the compromising documents
    D (surgir) desprenderse DE algo to emerge FROM sth
    este resultado se desprende de las encuestas realizadas this result emerges from o comes out of the surveys that were carried out
    lo que se desprende del informe es que … what can be gathered o inferred from the report is that …, what emerges from the report is that …
    * * *

     

    desprender ( conjugate desprender) verbo transitivo (soltar, separar) ‹ teja› to dislodge;
    ‹ etiqueta› to detach
    desprenderse verbo pronominal
    1 [ teja] to come loose;
    [ botón] to come off;
    [ retina] to become detached;
    desprenderse de algo to come away from sth
    2 (renunciar, entregar) desprenderse de algo ‹ de posesiones› to part with sth
    desprender verbo transitivo
    1 (despegar) to remove, detach
    2 (emanar un olor, humo) to give off
    ' desprender' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    desprenderse
    - desprendido
    - soltar
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [lo que estaba fijo] to remove, to detach;
    desprenda la pegatina y envíenosla remove the sticker and send it to us;
    el viento ha desprendido esta contraventana the wind has pulled this shutter off;
    desprendió los alfileres del vestido she took the pins out of the dress
    2. [olor, luz, calor] to give off
    3. RP [desabrochar] to undo
    * * *
    v/t
    1 detach, separate
    2 olor give off
    * * *
    1) soltar: to detach, to loosen, to unfasten
    2) emitir: to emit, to give off
    * * *
    1. (emitir) to give off [pt. gave; pp. given]
    2. (despegar) to take off [pt. took; pp. taken] / to remove

    Spanish-English dictionary > desprender

  • 20 नरः _narḥ

    नरः [नॄ-नये-अच्]
    1 A man, male person; संयोजयति विद्यैव नीचगापि नरं सरित् । समुद्रमिव दुर्धर्षं नृपं भाग्यमतः परम् ॥ H. Pr.5; Ms.1.96;2.213.
    -2 A man or piece at chess.
    -3 The pin of a sun-dial.
    -4 The Supreme Spirit, the original or eternal man.
    -5 Man's length (= पुरुष. q. v.).
    -6 N. of a primitive sage.
    -7 N. of Ar- juna; see नरनारायण below.
    -8 A horse.
    -9 (In gram.) A personal termination.
    -1 The individual soul (जीवात्मा); Mb.12.28.5.
    -Comp. -अङ्गः 1 the penis.
    -2 eruption on the face.
    -अधमः a wretch, miscreant.
    -अधिपः, अधिपतिः, -ईशः, -ईश्वरः, -देवः, -पतिः, -पालः a king; नरपतिहितकर्ता द्वेष्यतां याति लोके Pt. नराणां च नराधिपम् Bg.1.27; Ms.7.13; R.2.75;3.42;7.62; Me.39; Y.1.311.
    -अन्तकः death.
    -अयनः an epithet of Viṣṇu. नराणामयनं यस्मात् तेन नारायणः स्मृतः Brav.P.
    -अशः a demon, goblin.
    -आधारः N. of Śiva. (
    -रा) the earth.
    -इतरः 1 a being higher than a man, a god; Bhāg.4.6.9.
    -2 an animal.
    -इन्द्रः 1 a king; R.2.18. नरेन्द्रकन्यास्तमवाप्य सत्पतिं तमोनुदं दक्षसुता इवाबभुः 3.33;6.8; Ms.9.253.
    -2 a physician, dealer in antidotes, curer of poisons; तेषु कश्चि- न्नरेन्द्राभिमानी तां निर्वर्ण्य Dk.51; सुनिग्रहा नरेन्द्रेण फणीन्द्रा इव शत्रवः Śi.2.88. (where the word is used in both senses). ˚मार्गः a high street, main road.
    -3 a mineralogist; L. D. B.
    -उत्तमः 1 an epithet of Viṣṇu.
    -2 of Buddha.
    -ऋषभः 'the chief of men', a prince, king.
    -कपालः a man's skull.
    -कीलकः the murderer of a spiritual preceptor.
    -केश(स)रिन् m.
    1 Viṣṇu in his fourth incarnation; cf. नरसिंह below.
    -2 the chief of men.
    -चिह्नम् the mous- taches.
    -देवः 1 the warrior class (क्षत्रिय); शिष्ट्वा वा भूमि- देवानां नरदेवसमागमे Ms.11.82.
    -2 a king.
    -धिः the world.
    -द्विष् m. a demon, goblin; तेन मूर्धानमध्वंसन्नरद्विषः Bk.15. 94.
    -नारायणः N. of Kṛiṣṇa. (
    -णौ dual) originally regarded as identical, but in mythology and epic poet- ry, considered as distinct beings, Arjuna being identi- fied with Nara and Kṛiṣṇa with Nārāyaṇa. [In some places they are called देवौ, पूर्वदेवौ, ऋषी or ऋषिसत्तमौ. They are said to have been practising very austere penance on the Himālaya, which excited the fear of Indra, and he sent down several damsels to disturb their aus- terities. But Nārāyaṇa put all of them to shame by creating a nymph called Urvaśī from a flower placed on his thigh who excelled them in beauty; cf. स्थाने खलु नारायणमृषिं विलोभयन्त्यस्तदूरुसंभवामिमां दृष्ट्वा व्रीडिताः सर्वा अप्सरस इति V.1.]
    -पशुः 'a beast-like man', a beast in human form.
    -पुङ्गवः 'best of men', an excellent man; शैब्यश्च नरपुङ्गवः Bg.1.5.
    -बलिः a human sacrifice.
    -भुज् a. man-eating, cannibal.
    -भूः f. the Bharatavarṣa, i. e. India.
    -मानिका, मानिनी, -मालिनी 'manlike woman', a woman with a beard, masculine woman or an amazon.
    -माला a girdle of skulls.
    -मेधः a human sacrifice.
    -यन्त्रम् sun-dial.
    -यानम्, -रथः, -वाहनम् a vehicle drawn by men, a palanquin; नरयानादवातीर्य Par- ṇāl.4.17; Bhāg.1.59.37.
    -लोकः 1 'the world of men', the earth, terrestrial world.
    -2 mankind.
    -वाहनः an epithet of Kubera; विजयदुन्दुभितां ययुरर्णवा घनरवा नर- वाहनसंपदः R.9.11.
    -विष्वणः a demon, goblin.
    -वीरः a brave man, hero.
    -व्याघ्रः, -शार्दूलः an eminent man.
    -शृङ्गम् 'man's horn', an impossibility, a chimera, non-entity.
    -संसर्गः human society.
    -सखः an epithet of Nārayaṇa; ऊरूद्भवा नरसखस्य मुनेः सुरस्त्री V.1.3.
    -सिंहः, -हरिः 'man-lion', Viṣṇu in his fourth incarnation; cf. तव करकमलवरे नखमद्भुतशृङ्गं दलितहिरण्यकशिपुतनुभृङ्गम् । केशव धृत- नरहरिरूप जय जगदीश हरे ॥ Gīt.1.
    -सिंहद्वादशी the 12th day in the light half of फाल्गुन.
    -स्कन्धः a multi- tude or body of men.
    -हयम् a fight or enmity between man and horse.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > नरः _narḥ

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